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    澳大利亞APVMA擬將限制使用農藥百草枯和敵草快

    百草枯(Paraquat)及其相關的雙吡啶類除草劑敵草快(Diquat)自1997年12月2日起,被澳大利亞農藥和獸藥管理局(APVMA,前身為NRA)納入現有化學品審查計劃的第三輪計劃表中。經過多年的細致審查,APVMA于上月底發布了關于這兩種農藥活性成分的最終評估報告和對應的監管決定草案,擬決定對百草枯和敵草快的大部分當前批準的應用場景進行限制使用,其中包括23種主要作物的催枯處理、蔬菜田、家庭園藝以及多數闊葉草的噴施場景和水生環境應用等諸多領域。

    評審內容包括對活性成分批準、產品注冊和標簽批準的全面評估,目的在于明確百草枯和敵草快作為除草劑活性成分和相關最終用途產品:

    • 在處理過程中,暴露給人員或使用含有其殘留物的產品的人員,是否會構成不當的危害;
    • 是否可能對人類產生有害的影響;
    • 是否可能對動物、植物或其他物體及環境產生意外的有害影響;
    • 是否會不當地影響澳大利亞與外國之間的貿易或商業;
    • 使用效果是否符合使用說明書的規定。

    具體評估方面包含毒理學評估,并重點考察了對神經毒性的潛在影響;工人健康與安全(OHS),殘留物和貿易;標簽說明;最大殘留限量(MRLs);環境安全問題,特別是噴霧飄移等問題。

    圖1 百草枯產品擬將被禁用的應用場景(部分)

    Crop Use or Situation

    Weeds controlled / Use

    Application Method

    Assessment outcome (risk area)

    Bananas

    Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

    Inter-row boomspray

    Not supported (environment)

    Fallows

    Australian bindweed, barnyard grass, bladder ketmia, fleabane, sowthistle, turnip weed, yelllow vine (caltrop)

    Optical spot spray technologies

    Not supported (environment)

    Firebreaks

    Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

    Boomspray

    Not supported (environment)

    Knock down weed growth to eliminate fire hazard or assist firebreak burn.

    Hay freezing (grass pasture dessication)

    Maximum retention of protein in standing dry feed

    Boomspray

    Not supported (environment)

    Hops

    Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

    Inter-row spray

    Not supported (environment)

    Lucerne (Autumn / early winter)

    Annual grass and some broadleaf weeds

    Boomspray

    Not supported (environment)

    Lucerne (late winter / early spring)

    Annual grass and some broadleaf weeds

    Boomspray

    Not supported (environment)

    Non-agricultural situations (around sheds, roadways, paths)

    Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds, columbus grass

    Boomspray, spot spray

    Not supported (environment)

    Orchards, Vineyards

    Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

    Spot spray, inter-row spray

    Not supported (environment)

    Annual weed control

    Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds / annual weed control

    Walnuts

    annual grasses and broadleaf weeds

    Boomspray

    Not supported (environment)

    Pasture (Kikuyu/paspalum)

    To suppress growth to oversow winter seed

    Boomspray

    Not supported (environment)

    Sugarcane - plant and ratoon

    Most Seedling Broadleaf Weeds including Sicklepod (Senna (Cassia) obtusifolia), Bluetop (Ageratum houstonianum), Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus spp.), Calopo (Calapogonium muconoides)

    Boomspray or directed interrow spray

    Not supported (environment, residues [post-emergent boomspray])

    Most Seedling Grasses including Awnless Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa colona), Summer Grass (Digitaria ciliaris), Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum),Hamil Grass (Panicum maximum cv Hamil),Green Summer Grass (Brachiaria miliiformis)

    Cotton

    Desiccant to aid harvest

    Boomspray

    Not supported (environment, residues)

    圖2 敵草快產品擬將被禁用的應用場景(部分)

    Crop

    Weeds controlled/use

    Application method

    Assessment outcome

    (risk area)

    Cotton (short stapled varieties only)

    Pre-harvest crop desiccation

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment,residues)

    Dry Beans

    Boomspray

    not supported

    (environment, residues)

    Dry Peas

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Lentils

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Chickpeas

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Faba Beans

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Linseed

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Lupins

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Mung beans

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Perennial legume seed crops (Lucerne)

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Perennial legume seed crops (Red clover)

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Perennial legume seed crops (White clover)

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Pigeon peas

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Poppies

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Potato (Haulm desiccation)

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Potato (Ground stored–preharvest weed control)

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Canola (Rape)

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment)

    Rice

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment, residues)

    Sorghum

    Boomspray

    not supported (environment, residues)

    自該提議發布之日起3個月內,澳大利亞農藥和獸藥管理局將接受并考慮公眾對本提議的所有意見,以支持最終結論的科學評斷和發布。

    瑞旭集團農化事業部將持續跟蹤并更新農藥活性物質在加拿大,EPA,歐盟,印度等的批準狀態,禁限用情況等信息,想了解更多海外登記資訊,歡迎咨詢。

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    聯系我們
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